Specify a noun: この, その, あの, どの
Use この, その, あの, and どの directly before a noun to point out a specific thing: この 本 (this book), あの 人 (that person over there).
JLPTN5
この / その / あの / どの + Nounkono · sono · ano · dono
Specify a noun: this, that, that over there, which
While これ/それ/あれ stand alone as nouns, the -の series (この (kono), その (sono), あの (ano), どの (dono)) functions like demonstrative adjectives and CANNOT stand alone. They must be glued to a noun right after them.
この ほん (this book near me) その かばん (that bag near you) あの たてもの (that building over there) どの ひと (which person?)
The distance rule is identical to the pronoun series: こ is near the speaker, そ is near the listener, あ is distant from both, and ど asks which.