Representative Actions: 〜たり〜たりする (Sample highlights & alternating states)
List representative sample activities without committing to a full chronological timeline by attaching り to the plain past た-form of two or more verbs, anchoring the sentence with an inflected form of する. Also express oscillating weather and fluctuating emotional states.
Non-Exhaustive Listing (〜たり〜たりする)
hon o yondari, eiga o mitari shimasu
On weekends, I do things like read books and watch movies.
Exhaustive Sequence (〜て) vs Representative Samples (〜たり〜たり)
Micro-Shift買い物をして、映画を 見ました。
Exhaustive list of exactly these two actions in orderI shopped and watched a movie.
The て-form lists chronological actions without implying other activities.
Example Sentences

I did things like watching movies.
How it works
〜たり〜たりする creates an open list of representative actions.
Mental Model: The Highlight Reel vs The Courtroom Log
When someone asks “What did you do over the weekend?”, the grammatical tool you choose completely changes the story:
- The Chronological Te-Form (The Courtroom Log): 本を読んで、掃除をして、映画を見ました。 This states: “First I read a book, then I cleaned, then I watched a movie, and that was all.” It locks you into a rigid, exhaustive timeline.
- The Highlight Reel (〜たり〜たりする): 本を読んだり、映画を見たりしました。 This states: “I did things like reading books, watching movies, and so forth.” It signals to the listener that these are merely representative samples plucked from a broader pool of activities.
Derivation from the Plain Past (た-Form)
Because り attaches directly to the verb's casual past た-form, it inherits 100% of the euphonic sound shifts (音便):
- Group 1 (Godan / u-verbs):
- u, tsu, ru → ttari: 買う → 買ったり · 待つ → 待ったり · 帰る → 帰ったり
- mu, bu, nu → ndari (Voiced!): 飲む → 飲んだり · 遊ぶ → 遊んだり
- ku → itari: 書く → 書いたり (Exception: 行く → 行ったり)
- gu → idari (Voiced!): 泳ぐ → 泳いだり
- su → shitari: 話す → 話したり
The Ironclad Anchor: The Final する
A 〜たり clause cannot finish a sentence by itself! Leaving a sentence ending on 〜たり leaves it dangling in mid-air.
You must ALWAYS close the pattern with an inflected form of the engine verb する:
- Polite Past: 本を読んだり、買い物したりしました。 (“I did things like reading books and shopping.”)
- Polite Habitual / Future: 休日は散歩したり、料理したりします。 (“On days off, I do things like taking walks and cooking.”)
- Casual Past: ゲームしたり寝たりした。 (“I played games, slept, and stuff.”)
All tense, question markers, and politeness live exclusively in that final する.
Fluctuating and Alternating States
Beyond sampling leisure activities, pairing opposite verbs or adjectives with 〜たり〜たり vividly describes oscillating physical conditions:
- Weather on and off: 雨が降ったりやんだりしています。 (“It's raining on and off.”)
- Pacing back and forth: 部屋を行ったり来たりしています。 (“Pacing back and forth in the room.”)
- Temperature swings (Adjectives drop い + かったり): 最近は暑かったり寒かったりです。 (“Lately it alternates between hot and cold.”)
Foreigner Traps to Avoid
- Trap 1: Dropping the final する:
Never stop at
*映画を見たり、本を読んだり。. Without しました, native listeners are left waiting for the verb that completes the sentence.
- Trap 2: Using it for rigid daily sequences:
Do not use たり for fixed sequential routines like morning grooming (
*顔を洗ったり歯を磨いたりする). That makes it sound like you randomly pick which one to do each morning! For fixed sequences, always use the chronological て-form.
- Trap 3: Providing only one example: While colloquial Japanese occasionally permits an isolated single たり (本を読んだりした), the standard pattern requires at least two samples (Aたり Bたり する) to establish a true non-exhaustive set.
Conjugation
| Base form | Conjugated | Form |
|---|---|---|
| 食べる | 食べたり | ichidan |
| 飲む | 飲んだり | godan |
| 行く | 行ったり | godan |
| する | したり | irregular |
In Dialogue
- ASpeaker A
休みの日は何をしていますか。
What do you do on your days off?
- BSpeaker B
家で本を読んだり、散歩したりしています。
I do things like read books at home and take walks.
Listing sample representative actions with たり〜たりする
Quick Check
Select the correct ending to say ‘On Sunday, I read books, watched movies, and such’:
