151 essential Japanese grammar points with clear patterns, meanings, and practical examples.
Fundamental architecture: Japanese SOV word order, what particles do, the copula desu, and polite registers.
The essential markers that declare topic, subject, direct object, ownership, and inclusion.
Spatial pinning: location of existence, action spots, direction, motion verbs, and limits (from/until).
Interrogation and spatial referencing: asking who, what, where, when, and pointing at things near and far.
Quantifying the world: large numbers, native counter suffixes, telling time, days of the week, and durations.
Describing qualities: i-adjectives, na-adjectives, compound descriptions, degree, and changes of state.
The action engine: the three verb groups, irregular verbs, polite present and past tense, and frequency.
Stating what exists and where: aru for inanimate objects, iru for living beings, possession, and position words.
The most powerful conjugation in Japanese: requests, permission, prohibition, ongoing actions, and sequence.
Plain negatives: nai-form conjugation, past negative, strict obligation (must), and exemptions (need not).
Plain past tense: ta-form rules, past experiences, listing activities with tari, and noun-modifying clauses.
Expressing agency: wanting to do (tai), wanting things (hoshii), skills, abilities, ease, and overdoing things.
Weighing options: A is more than B, superlatives (the most), relative degrees, and exclusive limits.
Connecting thoughts: giving reasons (kara), contrasts (kedo), sequencing before/after, and simultaneous actions.
Speaking with natural intent: seeking agreement (ne), sharing news (yo), explanatory tone (ndesu), and invitations.
Living Japanese: casual speech (tameguchi), polite requests, natural fillers, pronunciation, and giving/receiving.
